ARE
THERE EXCEPTIONS OR WAIVERS FROM THE PENALTY
for
Underpayment of Estimated Tax?
(not
to be confused with the alternative methods of calculating the underpayment.)
Small
Amount of Tax
There
is an exception to the addition to tax if the tax shown on the return for the
taxable year is less than $1000.
No
Tax Liability for Preceding Year
No
penalty is imposed if: the preceding taxable year was a 12 month period; the
individual did not have any liability for tax for the preceding taxable year;
and the individual was a U.S. citizen or resident throughout the entire
preceding taxable year. For this exception, it does not matter that the
individual filed, or was required to file, a return for the preceding year.
Waiver
in Certain Cases
General
The
IRS may waive the penalty
if
the IRS determines that the imposition of the penalty would "be against
equity and good conscience" because of a casualty, disaster or other
unusual circumstances.
Tax
Law Changes
Major
amendments to the Code typically provide relief from the penalty for
underpayments of estimated tax to the extent the underpayment is caused or
increased by such amendments.
Retired
and Disabled Individuals
The
IRS may waive the penalty for individuals who retired after having attained
age or became disabled, in the current taxable year or in the immediately
preceding taxable year, if it finds that the underpayment was due to
reasonable cause and not willful neglect. In the case of a joint return, the
waiver is available if either the husband or the wife satisfies the retirement
or disability test.
Natural
Disasters
Congress
has recognized that, as a result of a natural disaster, taxpayers may be
unable to timely make their estimated tax payments and has authorized the IRS
to provide relief. In appropriate cases, the IRS has waived the underpayment
penalty if payment is made by a specified date after the disaster has abated.
Required
Change in Method of Accounting
Where
cases or rulings require taxpayers to change their method of accounting for
particular items, the IRS has at times waived the penalty for underpayment of
estimated tax relating to such items for particular installments.
The
IRS also will not impose penalties when a taxpayer changes from an
impermissible method of accounting to a permissible one by complying with all
applicable provisions of the revenue procedure governing such changes.
January
Return
The
law provides that no penalty will be imposed with respect to an underpayment
of the fourth required installment if the individual files his tax return for
the year on or before January 31 of the succeeding year and pays the balance
of the tax shown on the return. Farmers and fishermen have until March 1 of
the succeeding taxable year to file their return and pay the tax due.
Note:
By filing a return and paying the tax by January 31 (March 1 in the case of a
farmer or fisherman), the individual can effectively defer his last
installment from January 15 to January 31 (March 1 in the case of a farmer or
fisherman), without any penalty. However, it would accelerate the payment of
any tax liability in excess of his estimated tax.
Bankruptcy
Under Title 11
The
addition to tax provided cannot be imposed in certain bankruptcy cases under
Title 11 of the U.S. Code.
No
General Reasonable Cause Exception
Except
as mentioned above, if the estimated tax has been underpaid, the penalty will
be imposed. Unless the individual's situation fits the limited circumstances
for which a waiver is available, it is irrelevant whether or not there was
reasonable cause for the underpayment or a lack of willful neglect. Not even
the Bankruptcy Court, with all of its equitable powers, can disallow a penalty
which does not fit into one of the exceptions.